Lithium batteries require UN38.3 certification — no shipping line accepts them without it. Packaging is strictly regulated: UN-spec boxes, clear labels, and a 24-hour emergency contact number. Get these wrong and your shipment is rejected.
FOB and CIF are the most commonly confused Incoterms. Under FOB, risk transfers to the buyer once goods pass the ship's rail. Under CIF, you handle freight and insurance to destination. CIF seems better but you also bear freight fluctuation risk.
When freight spikes, communication needs tact. Saying 'pay more' won't work. Share a detailed cost breakdown. Offer options: the client uses their own forwarder or you arrange with express vs standard choices at different price points.
Demurrage and detention charges catch many exporters off guard. Buyers get 7-14 free days before returning empty containers. Exceeding this triggers charges. Always confirm with the buyer when they plan to pick up the container.